Rise up for America

This one document is enough to call "A Call To Arms."  It states all property resides in the "state" etc...

                    Roosevelt's Executive Order

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

PROCLAMATION 2039 — March 6, 1933

BANK HOLIDAY

By the President of the United States

A Proclamation

WHEREAS there have been heavy and unwarranted withdrawals of gold and currency

from our banking institutions for the purpose of hoarding; and

WHEREAS continuous and increasingly extensive speculative activity abroad in foreign

exchanges has resulted in severe drains on the Nation’s stocks of gold; and

WHEREAS these conditions have created a national emergency; and

WHEREAS it is in the best interests of all bank depositors that a period of respite be

provided with a view to preventing further hoarding of coin, bullion, or currency or speculation

in foreign exchange and permitting the application of appropriate measures to protect the

interests of our people; and

WHEREAS it is provided in Section 5(b) of the Act of October 6, 1917, (40 Stat. L. 411)

as amended, “That the President may investigate, regulate, or prohibit, under such rules and

regulations as he may prescribe, by means of licenses or otherwise, any transactions in foreign

exchange and the export, hoarding, melting, or earmarkings of gold or silver coin or bullion or

currency * * *; and

WHEREAS it is provided in Section 16 of the said Act “that whoever shall willfully

violate any of the provisions of this Act or of any license, rule, or regulations issued hereunder,

and whoever shall willfully violate, neglect, or refuse to comply with any order of the President

issued in compliance with the provisions of this Act, shall, upon conviction, be fined not more

than $10,000, or if a natural person, imprisoned for not more than ten years, or both; * * *:

NOW, THEREFORE, I, FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, President of the United States of

America, in view of such national emergency and by virtue of the authority vested in me by said

Act and in order to prevent the export, hoarding, or earmarking of gold or silver coin or bullion

or currency, do hereby proclaim, order, direct and declare that from Monday, the sixth day of

March, to Thursday, the ninth day of March, Nineteen Hundred and Thirty Three, both dates

inclusive, there shall be maintained and observed by all banking institutions and all branches

thereof located in the United States of America, including the territories and insular possessions,

a bank holiday, and that during said period all banking transactions shall be suspended. During

such holiday, excepting as hereinafter provided, no such banking institution or branch shall pay

out, export, earmark, or permit the withdrawal or transfer in any manner or by any device

whatsoever, of any gold or silver coin or bullion or currency or take any other action which might

facilitate the hoarding thereof; nor shall any such banking institution or branch pay out deposits,

make loans or discounts, deal in foreign exchange, transfer credits from the United States to any

place abroad, or transact any other banking business whatsoever.

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During such holiday, the Secretary of the Treasury, with the approval of the President and

under such regulations as he may prescribe, is authorized and empowered (a) to permit any or all

of such banking institutions to perform any or all of the usual banking functions; (b) to direct,

require or permit the issuance of clearing house certificates or other evidences of claims against

assets of banking institutions, and (c) to authorize and direct the creation in such banking

institutions of special trust accounts for the receipt of new deposits which shall be subject to

withdrawal on demand without any restrictions or limitations and shall be kept separate in ash or

on deposit in Federal Reserve Banks or invested in obligations of the United States.

As used in this order the term “banking institutions” shall include all Federal Reserve

banks, national banking associations, banks, trust companies, savings banks, building and loan

associations, credit unions, or other corporations, partnerships, associations or persons, engaged

int he business of receiving deposits, making loans, discounting business paper, or transacting

any other form of banking business.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF I have hereunto set my hand and cause the seal of the United

States of America to be affixed.

DONE at the City of Washington this sixth day of March -- 1 A.M., in the year of our

Lord One Thousand Nine Hundred and Thirty-three, and of the Independence of the United

States of America the One Hundred and Fifty-seventh.

PROCLAMATION 2352 — September 8, 1939

PROCLAIMING A NATIONAL EMERGENCY IN CONNECTION WITH THE

OBSERVANCE, SAFEGUARDING, AND ENFORCEMENT OF NEUTRALITY

AND THE STRENGTHENING OF THE NATIONAL DEFENSE

WITHIN THE LIMITS OF PEACE-TIME AUTHORIZATIONS

By the President of the United States

A Proclamation

WHEREAS a proclamation issued by me on September 5, 1939, proclaimed the

neutrality of the United States in the war now unhappily existing between certain nations; and

WHEREAS this state of war imposes on the United State certain duties with respect to

the proper observance, safeguarding, and enforcement of such neutrality, and the strengthening of

the national defense within the limits of peace-time authorizations; and

WHEREAS measures required at this time call for the exercise of only a limited number

of the powers granted in a national emergency:

NOW, THEREFORE, I, FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, President of the United States of

America, do proclaim that a national emergency exists in connection with and to the extent

necessary for the proper observance, safeguarding, and enforcing of the neutrality of the Untied

States and the strengthening of our national defense within the limits of peace-time

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authorizations. Specific directions and authorizations will be given from time to time for

carrying out these two purposes.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF I have hereunto set my hand and cause the seal of the United

States of America to be affixed.

DONE at the City of Washington this eight day of September, in the year of our Lord

nineteen hundred and thirty-nine, and of the Independence of the United States of America the

one hundred and sixty-fourth.

PROCLAMATION 2487 — May 27, 1941

PROCLAIMING THAT AN UNLIMITED NATIONAL EMERGENCY

CONFRONTS THIS COUNTRY, WHICH REQUIRES THAT

ITS MILITARY, NAVAL, AIR AND CIVILIAN DEFENSES BE PUT ON THE BASIS OF

READINESS TO REPEL ANY AND ALL ACTS OR THREATS OF AGGRESSION

DIRECTED TOWARD ANY PART OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE

By the President of the United States

A Proclamation

WHEREAS on September 8, 1939, because of the outbreak of war in Europe a

proclamation was issued declaring a limited national emergency and directing measures “for the

purpose of strengthening our national defense within the limits of peacetime authorizations”;

WHEREAS a succession of events makes plain that the objectives of the Axis

belligerents in such war are not confined to those avowed at its commencement, but include

overthrow throughout the world of existing democratic order, and a worldwide domination of

peoples and economies through the destruction of all resistance on land and se and in the air; and

WHEREAS indifference on the part of the United States to the increasing menace would

be perilous, and common prudence requires that for the security of this nation and of this

hemisphere we should pass from peacetime authorizations of military strength to such a basis as

will enable us to cope instantly and decisively with any attempt at hostile encirclement of this

hemisphere, or the establishment of any base for aggression against it, as well as to repel the

threat of predatory incursion by foreign agents into our territory and society:

NOW, THEREFORE, I, FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, President of the United States of

America, do proclaim that an unlimited national emergency confronts this country, which

requires that its military, naval, air and civilian defenses be put on the basis of readiness to repel

any and all acts or threats of aggression directed toward any part of the Western Hemisphere.

I call upon all the loyal citizens engaged in production for defense to give precedence to

the needs of the nation to the end that a system of government that makes private enterprise

possible may survive.

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I call upon all our loyal workmen as well as employers to merge their lesser differences in

the larger effort to insure the survival of the only kind of government which recognizes the rights

of labor or of capital.

I call upon loyal state and local leaders ans officials to cooperate with the civilian defense

agencies of the Untied States to assure our internal security against foreign directed subversion

and to put every community in order for maximum productive effort and minimum of waste and

unnecessary frictions. I call upon all loyal citizens to place the nation’s needs first in mind and in

action to the end that we may mobilize and have ready for instant defensive use all of the

physical powers, all of the moral strength and all of the material resources of this nation.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF I have hereunto set my hand and cause the seal of the United

States of America to be affixed.

DONE at the City of Washington this twenty-seventh day of may, in the year of our Lord

nineteen hundred and forty-one, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one

hundred and sixty-fifth.

                                                           More of the same...

PUBLIC LAWS OF THE SEVENTY-THIRD CONGRESS
OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Passed at the first session, which was begun and held at the city of
Washington, in the District of Columbia, on Thursday, the ninth day of March,
1933, and was adjourned without day on Friday, the sixteenth day of June, 1933.

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, President; JOHN N. GARNER, Vice President; KEY PITTMAN,
President of the Senate pro tempore; HENRY T. RAINEY, Speaker of the House of
Representatives.

[CHAPTER 1.]

AN ACT
To provide relief in the existing national emergency in banking, and for other
purposes.

  Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled, That the Congress hereby declares that
a serious emergency exists and that it is imperatively necessary speedily to
put into effect remedies of uniform national application.

TITLE I

  SECTION 1. The actions, regulations, rules, licenses, orders and
proclamations heretofore or hereafter taken, promulgated, made, or issued by
the President of the United States or the Secretary of the Treasury since March
4, 1933, pursuant to the authority conferred by subdivision (b) of section 5 of
the Act of October 6, 1917, as amended, are hereby approved and confirmed.
  SEC. 2. Subdivision (b) of section 5 of the Act of October 6, 1917 (40 Stat.
L. 411), as amended, is hereby amended to read as follows:
  "(b) During time of war or during any other period of national emergency
declared by the President, the President may, through any agency that he may
designate, or otherwise, investigate, regulate, or prohibit, under such rules
and regulations as he may prescribe, by means of licenses or otherwise, any
transactions in foreign exchange, transfers of credit between or payments by
banking institutions as defined by the President, and export, hoarding,
melting, or earmarking of gold or silver coin or bullion or currency, by any
person within the United States or any place subject to the jurisdiction
thereof; and he may require any such person engaged in any such transaction
referred to in this subdivision to furnish, under oath, complete information
relative thereto, including the production of any books of account, contracts,
letters or other papers, in connection therewith in the custody or control of
such person, either before or after such transaction is completed. Whoever
willfully violates any of the provisions of this subdivision or of any license,
order, rule, or regulation issued thereunder, shall, upon conviction, be fined
not more than $10,000, or, if a natural person, may be imprisoned ...

 
[[The Congress recognized the existence of a national emergency due to the
bank failures, and declared that a serious emergency existed. They then
approved all actions taken by the President, both past and future, under the
Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917, as amended. They then amended that Act. The
amendment adds banking transactions to Section 5(b) of the Trading with the
Enemy Act, includes transactions executed wholly within the United States
(which were specifically excepted previously), and specifies the punishment for
willful violations (similar to that of Section 16 of the original Act). In
other words, the American people were now to be treated as equal to the enemy
or ally of enemy under the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917, even in common
transactions with their own money, subject to severe penalties for
disobedience. The President was granted essentially dictatorial powers, since
he could declare a national emergency, regulate all transactions, and also
require any person involved in any such transaction to furnish complete
information concerning the transaction. The Fourth and Fifth Amendments in the
Bill of Rights were effectively suspended or eliminated by this Act of
Congress, at least in regard to monetary transactions of all kinds.]]

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT .....Architect of American enslavement

President Franklin Roosevelt once said "In politics, nothing happens by accident. If it happens, you can bet it was planned that way."

            Freedom  defined ........The state of being free; liberty; self determination; absence of restraint; the opposite of slavery.

            The power of acting, in the character of a moral personality, according to the dictates of the will, without other check, hindrance  or prohibition than such as be imposed by just and necessary laws and the duties of social life.

            The prevalence, in the government and constitution of a country, of such a system of laws and institutions as secure civil liberty to the individual citizen. Black's Law Dictionary, 4th Ed.

            Liberty defined.........Freedom; exemption from extraneous control. Freedom from  restraint, under conditions essential to the equal enjoyment of the same right by others. Black's Law Dictionary, 4th Ed.

            In 1930, as Governor of New York, Franklin D. Roosevelt expressed the American tradition when he said:                        

            .........."The Constitution does not empower the Congress to deal with a great number of vital problems of government such as the conduct of public utilities, of education, of social welfare and a dozen other important features.... and Washington must not be encouraged to interfere in these areas."

            Franklin Roosevelt, the Democratic party Presidential candidate  in 1932, ran with the slogan "The New Deal." Roosevelt's intention, as told to the American people, was to give them less government. He called for an end to deficit spending by government, and for sound money. The first three planks of the Democratic party platform read as follows:

            We advocate:

            "1. An immediate and drastic reduction of governmental expenditures by abolishing useless commissions and offices, consolidating departments and bureaus and eliminating extravagance, to accomplish a saving of not less than 25 percent in the cost of the Federal government.

            "2. Maintenance of the national credit by a Federal budget annually balanced.....

            "3. A sound currency to be maintained at all hazards."

            Two years later, the newly elected FDR, with the catchy slogan and the blueprint of the program for the socialization of America began his presidency as the "Great Man" at the feet of whom the American people would lay down their liberties.

            In his inaugural address, March 4, 1933, the President said: "Values have shrunk to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen;......the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no market for their produce; the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return... Yet our distress comes from no failure of substance....Nature still offers her bounty. Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very light of the supply. Primarily this is good because the rulers of the exchange of mankind's goods have failed....have admitted their failure and have abdicated. Practices of the unscrupulous money-changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of a generation of self-seekers......Yes, the money-changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization. We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths. The measure of that restoration lies in the extent to which we apply social values more noble than mere monetary profit. We cannot go back to the old order." The old order, capitalism, now  became the enemy of the people, thereby making ownership of private property the symbol of those who would put property rights above social rights. Against all the old symbols of individualism and self-reliance was raised the attractive counter symbol of security.

            The new President further declared that the people had "asked for discipline and direction under leadership"; that he would seek to bring speedy action "within my Constitutional authority"; and that he hoped the "normal balance of executive and legislative authority" could be maintained, and then he said: "But in the event that Congress shall fail.......and in the event that the national emergency is still critical.......I shall ask Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis........broad executive power to make war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe."

            The word "emergency" was then understood to mean what the dictionaries said it meant.........a sudden crisis; a pressing necessity. Obviously, in retrospect, the word emergency meant much more to the new President. He interpreted it to mean he had the right to declare an  emergency, and then cure that same emergency with a total reorganization of the constitutional structure of our government.

            The first official act of President Roosevelt was to declare to the American people  a contrived bankruptcy of the United States. Before the new Congress convened, on March 9, 1933 he declared bankruptcy, in the form of "A National Banking Holiday," through Executive Orders 6073, 6102, 6111, and 6260. Simply, every bank in America closed. The banks were also forbidden to deal in foreign exchange or in any transfer of credit from the United States to any place abroad.

            He then had ex post facto law passed by the Congress, which is forbidden by the national Constitution, stating, "Acts of the President and the Secretary of the Treasury since March 4, 1933 are hereby confirmed and approved." This same act provided that no bank in the federal reserve system could resume business except subject to rules and regulation to be promulgated by the Secretary of the Treasury. This act gave the President absolute power over foreign exchange and authorized the Federal government to invest public funds in private bank stock, providing banks new capitol owned by the government. And, that same act authorized the President to require the American people to surrender their gold.  Congress did not write any of these acts. Congress received them from the White House and passed them. It was the first use of Congress as a "RUBBER STAMP" for Executive branch legislation. America took its first step toward totalitarian rule.

            On April 5, 1933, Congress passed HJR-192. It repudiated the gold redemption clause in all government obligations, allowing them to now be payable in any kind of money the government chose to provide. It also declared that the same gold redemption clause in all private contracts, ie., railroad and /or other corporate bonds, was now against "PUBLIC POLICY," and therefore invalid.

            From the beginning of Federal Reserve banking in America, the law was that a Federal Reserve Bank "shall" lend to a private bank on suitable security. This word was now changed to "may." Now, what was once a right had become a privilege and that privilege could be suspended at will.

            Converting rights to privilege by government was fine tuned in the Roosevelt administration. While in the guise of  "Recovery" Roosevelt's "NEW DEAL" Presidency  succeeded in:

            1. repudiation of the gold standard, confiscation of the peoples gold, debasement of the currency,deliberate inflation, monetization of debt

            2. creating the authority and power of executive government to rule by decrees and rules and regulations of its own making;

            3. strengthened its hold upon the economic life of the nation;

            4. extended its power over the individual;

            5. degraded the parliamentary principle;

            6. impaired the great American tradition of an independent, Constitutional judicial power;

            7. weakened the power of private enterprise, the power of private finance, the power of state and local government;

            At the end of President Roosevelt's first year, in his annual message to the Congress, January 4, 1934, he said, "It is to the eternal credit of the American people that this tremendous readjustment of our national life is being accomplished peacefully."

            Roosevelt created the doctrine of a planned economy. It included a scheme of taxation, class subsidies and Federal grants-in-aid designed to redistribute the national wealth for social justice, and it calculated to reduce millions of citizens to subservience. It has brought the once sovereign 50 states to the status of provinces. He created in the Executive a principle of supreme government with extensive new powers, including the power to make its own laws by simply publishing from its newly created bureaus rules and regulations having the force of law, with disobedience punishable by fine or imprisonment.  Without a whimper from the American people, Roosevelt replaced the once great American Republic with the welfare state. Under Roosevelt we lost our wealth, we lost our law,  we lost our freedom.

            In 1938, distinguished newspaperman, author and editorial writer for the Saturday Evening Post, Garet Garrett,  published an essay, "The Revolution Was." In the opening paragraph, he said:

"There are those who still think they are holding the pass against a revolution that may be coming up the road. But they are gazing in the wrong direction. The revolution is behind them. It went by in the Night of Depression, singing songs to freedom."

            Under Executive Orders of President Roosevelt we "reorganized" this government in 1939.

BANK HOLIDAY OF 1933

      Proclamations Nos. 2039, 2040, and 2070, dated Mar. 6, 1933, Mar. 9, 1933, and Dec. 30, 1933, respectively, related to the temporary suspension of banking transactions beginning Mar. 6, 1933, by all member banks of the Federal Reserve System. Pursuant to Ex. Ord. No. 6073, dated March 10, 1933, formerly set out as a note under this section, the Secretary of the Treasury by order of March 11, 1933, authorized all Federal reserve banks and nonmember banks and other banking institutions to resume their normal and usual banking functions on March 13, 1933, subject to  certain restrictions. 

TITLE 12

CHAPTER 2

SUBCHAPTER IV

    Sec. 95. Emergency limitations and restrictions on business of members of Federal reserve system; designation of legal holiday for national banking associations; exceptions; 'State' defined

‑STATUTE‑

      (a) In order to provide for the safer and more effective operation of the national Banking System and the Federal Reserve System, to preserve for the people the full benefits of the currency provided for by the Congress through the national banking system and theFederal reserve system, and to relieve interstate  commerce of the burdens and obstructions resulting from the receipt  on an unsound or unsafe basis of deposits subject to withdrawal by check, during such emergency period as the President of the United States by proclamation may prescribe, no member bank of the Federal reserve system shall transact any banking business except to such extent and subject to such regulations, limitations and restrictions as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, with the approval of the President. Any individual, partnership, corporation, or association, or any director, officer or employee thereof, violating any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be fined not more than $10,000 or, if a natural person, may, in addition to such fine, be imprisoned for a term not exceeding ten years.  Each day that any such violation continues shall be deemed a separate offense.

      (b)(1) In the event of natural calamity, riot, insurrection, war, or other emergency conditions occurring in any State whether caused by acts of nature or of man, the Comptroller of the Currency may designate by proclamation any day a legal holiday for the national banking associations located in that State. In the event that the emergency conditions affect only part of a State, the Comptroller of the Currency may designate the part so affected and may proclaim  a legal holiday for the national banking associations located in that affected part.  In the event that a State or a State official authorized by law designates any day as a legal holiday for ceremonial or emergency reasons, for the State or any part thereof, that same day shall be a legal holiday for all national banking  associations or their offices located in that State or the part so affected.  A national banking association or its affected offices may close or remain open on such a State‑designated holiday unless the Comptroller of the Currency by written order directs otherwise.

      (2) For the purpose of this subsection, the term 'State' means any of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, or any other territory or possession of the United States.

‑SOURCE‑

    (Mar. 9, 1933, ch. 1, title I, Sec. 4, 48 Stat. 2;)

REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. I OF 1939     

‑MISC1‑

EFF. JULY 1, 1939, 4 F.R. (Federal Register) 2727, 53 STAT. 1423, BY ACT JUNE 7, 1939, CH. 193, 53 STAT. 813,

            Prepared by the President and transmitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives in Congress assembled, April 25, 1939,  pursuant to the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1939,  approved April 3, 1939.

                 PART 1. EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT

                      SECTION 1. BUREAU OF THE BUDGET

    Section transferred the Bureau of the Budget and its functions and personnel from the Treasury Department to the Executive Office of the President, and provided that the functions of the Bureau be administered by the Director under the direction and supervision of the President.

                     SEC. 2. CENTRAL STATISTICAL BOARD

     Section transferred the Central Statistical Board and its functions and personnel to the Bureau of the Budget, and  provided that the Chairman of the Board perform such administrative  duties as the Director of the Bureau shall prescribe.

       SEC. 3. CENTRAL STATISTICAL COMMITTEE ABOLISHED AND FUNCTIONS

                                TRANSFERRED

     Section abolished the Board and transferred its  functions to the Director of the Bureau of the Budget.

                 SEC. 4. NATIONAL RESOURCES PLANNING BOARD

      (a) The functions of the National Resources Committee,  established by Executive Order No. 7065 of June 7, 1935, and its  personnel (except the members of the Committee) and all of the  functions of the Federal Employment Stabilization Office in the Department of Commerce and its personnel are hereby transferred to  the Executive Office of the President. (Functions of Board were authorized to be carried out until June 30, 1940, and provisions concerning composition of Board were contained in Emergency Relief  Appropriation Act of 1939.)

      (b) The Board shall determine the rules of its own proceedings, and a majority of its members in office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but the Board may function notwithstanding vacancies.

        (c) The Board may appoint necessary officers and employees and may delegate to such officers authority to perform such duties and make such expenditures as may be necessary.

              SEC. 5. NATIONAL RESOURCES COMMITTEE ABOLISHED

      The National Resources Committee is hereby abolished, and its outstanding affairs shall be wound up by the National Resources Planning Board.

         SEC. 6. FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT STABILIZATION OFFICE ABOLISHED

      The Federal Employment Stabilization Office is hereby abolished,  and the Secretary of Commerce shall promptly wind up its affairs.

                  SEC. 7. TRANSFER OF RECORDS AND PROPERTY

      All records and property (including office equipment) of the several agencies transferred, or the functions of which are  transferred, by this part are hereby transferred to the Executive Office of the President for use in the administration of the agencies and functions transferred by this part.

                   SEC. 8. TRANSFER OF FUNDS

      So much of the unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, or other funds available (including those available for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940) for the use of any agency in the exercise of any functions transferred by this part, or for the use of the head of any department or agency in the exercise of any functions so transferred, as the Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall determine, shall be transferred to the Executive Office of the President for use in connection with the exercise of functions transferred by this part.  In determining the amount to be transferred the Director of the Bureau of the Budget may include an amount to provide for the liquidation of obligations incurred against such appropriations, allocations, or other funds prior to the transfer: Provided, That the use of the unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, or other funds transferred by this section shall be subject to the provisions of section 4(d)(3) and section 9 of the Reorganization Act of 1939.

                     SEC. 9. PERSONNEL

      Any personnel transferred by this part found to be in excess of the personnel necessary for the efficient administration of the functions transferred by this part shall be retransferred under existing law to other positions in the Government service, or separated from the service subject to the provisions of section 10(a) of the Reorganization Act of 1939.

                      PART 2. FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY

                     SEC. 201. FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY

      (a) The United States Employment Service in the Department of Labor and its functions and personnel are transferred from the Department of Labor; the Office of Education in the Department of the Interior and its functions and personnel (including the Commissioner of Education) are transferred from the Department of the Interior; the Public Health Service in the Department of the Treasury and its functions and personnel (including the Surgeon  General of the Public Health Service) are transferred from the Department of the Treasury; the National Youth Administration  within the Works Progress Administration and its functions and personnel (including its Administrator) are transferred from the Works Progress Administration; and these agencies and their functions, together with the Social Security Board and its functions, and the Civilian Conservation Corps and its functions, are hereby consolidated under one agency to be known as the Federal Security Agency, with a Federal Security Administrator at the head thereof.  The Federal Security Administrator shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate,

                      SEC. 202. SOCIAL SECURITY BOARD

      The Social Security Board and its functions shall be administered as a part of the Federal Security Agency under the direction and supervision of the Federal Security Administrator. The Chairman of the Social Security Board shall perform such administrative duties as the Federal Security Administrator shall direct.

                 SEC. 203. UNITED STATES EMPLOYMENT SERVICE

            (a) The functions of the United States Employment Service shall be consolidated with the unemployment compensation functions of the Social Security Board and shall be administered in the Social Security Board in connection with such unemployment compensation functions under the direction and supervision of the Federal Security Administrator.

            (b) The office of the Director of the United States Employment Service is hereby abolished, and all of the functions of such office are transferred to, and shall be exercised by, the Social  Security Board.

            (c) All functions of the Secretary of Labor relating to the  administration of the United States Employment Service are hereby transferred to, and shall be exercised by, the Federal Security  Administrator.

                       SEC. 204. OFFICE OF EDUCATION

            (a) The Office of Education and its functions shall be administered by the Commissioner of Education under the direction and supervision of the Federal Security Administrator.

            (b) All functions of the Secretary of the Interior relating to the administration of the Office of Education are hereby transferred to, and shall be exercised by, the Federal Security

Administrator.

                      SEC. 205. PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE

            (a) The Public Health Service and its functions shall be administered by the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service under the direction and supervision of the Federal Security  Administrator.

            (b) All the functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating to the administration of the Public Health Service, except those functions relating to the acceptance and investment of gifts as authorized by sections 23(b) and 137(e), are hereby transferred to, and shall be exercised by, the Federal Security Administrator.

                        SEC. 206. NATIONAL YOUTH ADMINISTRATION

      The National Youth Administration and its functions shall be administered by the National Youth Administrator under the direction and supervision of the Federal Security Administrator.

    (National Youth Administration was extended until June 30, 1940, by Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1939, Sec. 2(d) and until June 30, 1941, by Labor‑Federal Security Appropriation Act, 1941, title II), (National Youth Administration was transferred to War  Manpower Commission by Ex. Ord. No. 9247.)

                      SEC. 207. CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS

      The Civilian Conservation Corps and its functions shall be administered by the Director of the Civilian Conservation Corps under the direction and supervision of the Federal Security Administrator.

                 SEC. 208. TRANSFER OF RECORDS AND PROPERTY

      All records and property (including office equipment) of the several agencies which, with their functions, are consolidated by section 201 into the Federal Security Agency are hereby transferred to the jurisdiction and control of the Federal Security Agency for use in the administration of the agencies and functions consolidated by that section.

                   SEC. 209. TRANSFER OF FUNDS

      So much of the unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, or other funds (including those available for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940) available for the use of any  agency in the exercise of any functions transferred by this part, or for the use of the head of any department or agency in the exercise of any functions so transferred, as the Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall determine, shall be transferred for use in connection with the exercise of the functions transferred by this part.  In determining the amount to be transferred the Director of the Bureau of the Budget may include an amount to provide for the liquidation of obligations incurred against such appropriations, allocations, or other funds prior to the transfer:  Provided, That the use of the unexpended balances of  appropriations, allocations, or other funds transferred by this section shall be subject to the provisions of section 4(d)(3) and section 9 of the Reorganization Act of 1939.

                       SEC. 210. ADMINISTRATIVE FUNDS

      The Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall allocate to the Federal Security Agency, from appropriations, allocations, or other funds available (including those available for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940) for the administrative expenses of the agencies and functions consolidated by this part, such sums, and in such proportions, as he may find necessary for the administrative  expenses of the Federal Security Agency.

                        SEC. 211. PERSONNEL

      Any personnel transferred by this part found to be in excess of the personnel necessary for the efficient administration of the functions transferred by this part shall be retransferred under existing law to other positions in the Government service, or separated from the service subject to the provisions of section 10(a) of the Reorganization Act of 1939.

                         PART 3. FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY

                       SEC. 301. FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY

      (a) The Bureau of Public Roads in the Department of Agriculture and its functions and personnel (including the Chief thereof) are transferred from the Department of Agriculture; the Public Buildings Branch of the Procurement Division in the Treasury Department and its functions and personnel are transferred from the Treasury Department; the Branch of Buildings Management of the National Park Service in the Department of the Interior and its  functions and personnel (except those relating to monuments and memorials), and the functions of the National Park Service in the District of Columbia in connection with the general assignment of space, the selection of sites for public buildings, and the determination of the priority in which the construction or enlargement of public buildings shall be undertaken, and the personnel engaged exclusively in the administration of such functions, and the United States Housing Authority in the Department of the Interior and its functions and personnel (including the Administrator) are transferred from the Department of the Interior; and all of these agencies and functions, together with the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works and its Functions, and all of the Works Progress Administration and its  functions (except the National Youth Administration and its functions) are hereby consolidated into one agency to be known as the Federal Works Agency, with a Federal Works Administrator at the head thereof.  The Federal Works Administrator shall be appointed by the President.

            (b) The Federal Works Administrator shall appoint an Assistant Federal Works Administrator, who shall receive a salary at the rate  of $9,000 per annum, and he may also appoint such other personnel and make such expenditures as may be necessary.

                SEC. 302. PUBLIC ROADS ADMINISTRATION

            (a) The Bureau of Public Roads and its functions shall be administered as the Public Roads Administration at the head of  which shall be the Chief of the Bureau of Public Roads whose title shall be changed to Commissioner of Public Roads. Hereafter the Commissioner of Public Roads shall be appointed by the Federal  Works Administrator.

            (b) All functions of the Secretary of Agriculture relating to the administration of the Bureau of Public Roads are hereby transferred  to, and shall be exercised by, the Federal Works Administrator.

               SEC. 303. PUBLIC BUILDINGS ADMINISTRATION

      (a) The Public Buildings Branch of the Procurement Division and its functions the Branch of Buildings Management of the National Park Service and its functions (except those relating to monuments and memorials) and the functions of the National Park Service in  the District of Columbia in connection with the general assignment  of space, the selection of sites for public buildings, and the  determination of the priority in which the construction or enlargement of public buildings shall be undertaken, are hereby consolidated and shall be administered as the Public Buildings Administration, with a Commissioner of Public Buildings at the head thereof. 

      (b) All functions of the Secretary of the Treasury and the Director of Procurement relating to the Administration of the Public Buildings Branch of the Procurement Division and to the selection of location and sites for public buildings, and all functions of the Secretary of the Interior and the Director of the National Park Service relating to the administration of the functions of the Branch of Buildings Management and the functions of the National Park Service in the District of Columbia in connection with the general assignment of space, the selection of sites for public buildings, and the determination of the priority in which the construction or enlargement of public buildings shall be undertaken, are hereby transferred to, and shall be exercised by, the Federal Works Administrator.

                 SEC. 304. UNITED STATES HOUSING AUTHORITY

      (a) The United States Housing Authority and its functions shall be administered by the United States Housing Administrator under the direction and supervision of the Federal Works Administrator.

      (b) All functions of the Secretary of the Interior relating to the administration of the United States Housing Authority are hereby transferred to, and shall be exercised by, the Federal Works  Administrator. (United States Housing Authority consolidated with other agencies into National Housing Authority during World War II, see Ex. Ord. No. 9070.)

                 SEC. 305. PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION

      The Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works and its functions shall be administered as the Public Works Administration with a Commissioner of Public Works at the head thereof.

                  SEC. 306. WORK PROJECTS ADMINISTRATION

      The Works Progress Administration and its functions (except the National Youth Administration and its functions) shall be administered as the Work Projects Administration, with a Commissioner of Work Projects at the head thereof. Administration transferred to Bureau of Census, Dept. of Commerce, see Ex. Ord. No. 9232.)

                      SEC. 307. TRANSFER OF RECORDS AND PROPERTY

   All records and property (including office equipment) of the several agencies which, with their functions, are consolidated by section 301 into the Federal Works Agency are hereby transferred to the jurisdiction and control of the Federal Works Agency for use in the administration of the agencies and functions consolidated by that section.

                        SEC. 308. TRANSFER OF FUNDS

      (a) So much of the unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, or other funds available (including those available for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940) for the use of any agency (except the United States Housing Authority) in the exercise of any functions transferred by this part, or for the use of the head of any department or agency in the exercise of any functions so transferred, and so much of such balances available to the United  States Housing Authority for administrative expenses, as the  Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall determine, shall be transferred for use in connection with the exercise of the functions transferred by this Part.

      (b) All unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, or other funds available (including those available for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940) for the use of the United States Housing Authority, other than those transferred by subsection (a) of this section, are hereby transferred with the United States Housing Authority and shall remain available to it for the exercise of its  functions.

                       SEC. 309. ADMINISTRATIVE FUNDS

      The Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall allocate to the Federal Works Agency, from appropriations, allocations, or other funds available (including those available for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940) for the administrative expenses of the agencies and functions consolidated by section 301, such sums, and in such proportions, as he may find necessary for the administrative expenses of the Federal Works Agency.

                            SEC. 310. PERSONNEL

      Any of the personnel transferred by this part found to be in excess of the personnel necessary for the efficient administration of the functions transferred by this part shall be retransferred under existing law to other positions in the Government service, or separated from the service subject to the provisions of section 10(a) of the Reorganization Act of 1939.

                          PART 4. LENDING AGENCIES

          SEC. 401. (A) TRANSFERS TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

      The Farm Credit Administration, the Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation, and the Commodity Credit Corporation, and their functions and activities, together with their respective personnel, records, and property (including office equipment), are hereby transferred to the Department of Agriculture and shall be administered in such Department under the general direction and  supervision of the Secretary of Agriculture, who shall be responsible for the coordination of their functions and activities.

                    (B) TRANSFER OF ADMINISTRATIVE FUNDS

      So much of the unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, or other funds available (including those available for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940) for the administrative  expenses of any agency transferred by this section, as the Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall determine, shall be transferred to the Secretary of Agriculture for such use; and the Director of  the Bureau of the Budget shall allocate to the Secretary of  Agriculture from such funds, such sums, and in such proportions, as he may find necessary for the administrative expenses of the Secretary of Agriculture in connection with the agencies and functions transferred by this section.

                        (C) TRANSFER OF OTHER FUNDS

      All unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, or other funds, other than those mentioned in subsection (b) of this section, available (including those available for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940) for any agency transferred by subsection (a)  of this section shall be transferred with such agency and shall remain available to it for the exercise of its functions. (Electric Home and Farm Authority was terminated as a federal agency by Ex. Ord. No. 9256, Oct. 13, 1942.)

                               (D) PERSONNEL

      Any of the personnel transferred by this section to the  Department of Agriculture which the Secretary of Agriculture shall  find to be in excess of the personnel necessary for the  administration of the functions transferred by this section shall be retransferred under existing law to other positions in the Government, or separated from the service subject to the provisions  of section 10(a) of the Reorganization Act of 1939.

                     SEC. 402. (A) FEDERAL LOAN AGENCY

      There shall be at the seat of the Government a Federal Loan Agency, with a Federal Loan Administrator at the head thereof.  The Federal Loan Administrator shall be appointed by the President.

                  (B) ASSISTANT FEDERAL LOAN ADMINISTRATOR

      The Federal Loan Administrator shall appoint an Assistant Federal Loan Administrator.  The Assistant Administrator shall act as  Administrator during the absence or disability of the Administrator, or in the event of a vacancy in that office, and shall perform such other duties as the Administrator shall direct.

                   (C) POWERS AND DUTIES OF ADMINISTRATOR

      The Administrator shall supervise the administration, and shall be responsible for the coordination of the functions and activities, of the following agencies: Reconstruction Finance

Corporation, Electric Home and Farm Authority, R.F.C. Mortgage Company, Disaster Loan Corporation, Federal National Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan Bank Board, Home Owners' Loan Corporation, Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation, Federal Housing Administration, and Export‑Import Bank of Washington. The Administrator may appoint such officers and employees and make such expenditures as may be necessary.

                          (D) ADMINISTRATIVE FUNDS

      The Director of the Bureau of the Budget shall allocate to the Federal Loan Agency, from appropriations, allocations, or other funds available (including those available for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940) for the administrative expenses of the agencies named in this section, such sums, and in such proportion, as he may find necessary for the administrative expenses of the  Federal Loan Agency.

  MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT

    To the Congress of the United States:

      Pursuant to the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1939 (Public Law, No. 19, 76th Cong., 1st sess.), approved April 3, 1939, I herewith transmit Reorganization Plan No. I, which, after investigation, I have prepared in accordance with the provisions of  section 4 of the act; and I declare that with respect to each transfer, consolidation, or abolition made in Reorganization Plan No. I, I have found that such transfer, consolidation, or abolition is necessary to accomplish one or more of the purposes of section 1(a) of the act.

      In these days of ruthless attempts to destroy democratic government, it is boldly asserted that democracies must always be weak in order to be democratic at all; and that, therefore, it will be easy to crush all free states out of existence. Confident in our Republic's 150 years of successful resistance to all subversive attempts upon it, whether from without or within, nevertheless we must be constantly alert to the importance of keeping the tools of American democracy up to date.  It is our responsibility to make sure that the people's government is in condition to carry out the people's will, promptly, effectively, without waste or lost motion.

      In 1883 under President Arthur we strengthened the machinery of democracy by the Civil Service law; beginning in 1905 President Roosevelt initiated important inquiries into Federal administration; in 1911 President Taft named the Economy and Efficiency Commission which made very important recommendations; in 1921 under Presidents Wilson and Harding we tightened up our budgetary procedure.  Presidents Theodore Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson, Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover in succession strongly recommended the rearrangement of Federal administrative activities.  In 1937 I proposed, on the basis of an inquiry authorized and appropriated for by the Congress, the strengthening of the administrative management of the executive establishment.

      None of all this long series of suggestions, running over more than a quarter of a century, was in any sense personal or partisan in design.

      These measures have all had only one supreme purpose ‑ to make democracy work ‑ to strengthen the arms of democracy in peace or war and to ensure the solid blessings of free government to our people in increasing measure.

      We are not free if our administration is weak.  But we are free if we know, and others know, that we are strong; that we can be tough as well as tender hearted; and that what the American people decide to do can and will be done, capably and effectively, with the best national equipment that modern organizing ability can supply in a country where management and organization is so well understood in private affairs.

      My whole purpose in submitting this plan is to improve the administrative management of the Republic, and I feel confident that our Nation is united in this central purpose, regardless of differences upon details. This plan is concerned with the practical necessity of reducing the number of agencies which report directly to the President and also of giving the President assistance in dealing with the entire executive branch by modern means of administrative management.

      Forty years ago in 1899 President McKinley could deal with the whole machinery of the executive branch through his 8 cabinet secretaries and the heads of 2 commissions; and there was but 1 commission of the so‑called quasi‑judicial type in existence.  He could keep in touch with all the work through 8 or 10 persons.

      Now, 40 years later, not only do some 30 major agencies (to say nothing of the minor ones) report directly to the President, but there are several quasi‑judicial bodies which have enough administrative work to require them also to see him on important executive matters.

      It has become physically impossible for one man to see so many persons, to receive reports directly from them, and to attempt to advise them on their own problems which they submit.  In addition the President today has the task of trying to keep their programs in step with each other or in line with the national policy laid down by the Congress. And he must seek to prevent unnecessary duplication of effort.

      The administrative assistants provided for the President in the Reorganization Act cannot perform these functions of over‑all management and direction.  Their task will be to help me get information, and condense and summarize it ‑ they are not to become in any sense Assistant Presidents nor are they to have any authority over anybody in any department or agency.

      The only way in which the President can be relieved of the physically impossible task of directly dealing with 30 or 40 major agencies is by reorganization ‑ by the regrouping of agencies according to their major purposes under responsible heads who will report to the President, just as is contemplated by the  Reorganization Act of 1939.

      This act says that the President shall investigate the organization of all agencies of the Government and determine what changes are necessary to accomplish any one or more of five definite purposes:

      (1) To reduce expenditures;

      (2) To increase efficiency;

      (3) To consolidate agencies according to major purposes;

      (4) To reduce the number of agencies by consolidating those

    having similar functions and by abolishing such as may not be

    necessary;

      (5) To eliminate overlapping and duplication of effort.

      It being obviously impracticable to complete this task at one time, but having due regard to the declaration of Congress that it should be accomplished immediately and speedily, I have decided to  undertake it promptly in several steps.

      The first step is to improve over‑all management, that is, to do those things which will accomplish the purposes set out in the law, and which, at the same time, will reduce the difficulties of the President in dealing with the multifarious agencies of the executive branch and assist him in distributing his  responsibilities as the chief administrator of the Government by providing him with the necessary organization and machinery for better administrative management.

      The second step is to improve the allocation of departmental activities, that is, to do those things which will accomplish the  purposes set out in the law and at the same time help that part of the work of the executive branch which is carried on through executive departments and agencies.  In all this the responsibility to the people is through the President.

      The third step is to improve intradepartmental management, that is, to do those things which will enable the heads of departments and agencies the better to carry out their own duties and distribute their own work among their several assistants and subordinates.

      Each of these three steps may require from time to time the submission of one or more plans involving one or more reorganizations, but it is my purpose to fulfill the duty imposed upon me by the Congress as expeditiously as practicable and to the fullest extent possible in view of the exceptions and exemptions set out in the act.

      The plan I now transmit is divided into four parts or sections which I shall describe briefly as follows:

                 PART 1. EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT

      In my message to the Congress of January 12, 1937, in discussing the problem of how to improve the administrative management of the executive branch, I transmitted with my approval certain recommendations for strengthening and developing the management arms of the President. Those three management arms deal with (1) budget, and efficiency research, (2) planning, and (3) personnel.

    My accumulated experience during the 2 years since that time has deepened my conviction that it is necessary for the President to have direct access to these managerial agencies in order that he may have the machinery to enable him to carry out his constitutional responsibility, and in order that he may be able to control expenditures, to increase efficiency, to eliminate overlapping and duplication of effort, and to be able to get the information which will permit him the better to advise the Congress concerning the state of the Union and the program of the Government.

      Therefore, I find it necessary and desirable in carrying out the purposes of the act to transfer the Bureau of the Budget to the Executive Office of the President from the Treasury Department. It is apparent from the legislative history of the Budget and Accounting Act that it was the purpose in 1921 to set up an Executive Budget for which the President would be primarily responsible to the Congress and to the people, and that the Director of the Budget was to act under the immediate direction and supervision of the President. While no serious difficulties have been encountered because of the fact that the Bureau of the Budget was placed in the Treasury Department so far as making budgetary estimates has been concerned, it is apparent that its coordinating activities and its research and investigational activities recently provided for by the Congress, will be facilitated if the Bureau is not a part of 1 of the 10 executive departments.  Also, in order that the Bureau of the Budget may the better carry out its work of coordination and investigation, I find it desirable and necessary in order to accomplish the purposes of the act to transfer to the Bureau of the Budget the functions of the Central Statistical Board.

      By these transfers to the Executive Office, the President will be given immediate access to that managerial agency which is concerned with the preparation and administration of the Budget, with the coordination of the work of the governmental agencies, and with research and investigation necessary to accomplish the five definite purposes of the Reorganization Act of 1939.

      I also find it necessary and desirable to transfer to the Executive Office of the President the National Resources Committee, now an independent establishment, and to consolidate with it by  transfer from the Department of Commerce the functions of the Federal Employment Stabilization Office, the consolidated unit to be known as the National Resources Planning Board. This Board would be made up as is the present Advisory Board of the National  Resources Committee of citizens giving part‑time services to the  Government, who aided by their technical staff would be able to advise the President, the Congress, and the people with respect to plans and programs for the conservation of the national resources, physical and human.  By these transfers to the Executive Office, the President will be given more direct access to and immediate direction over that agency which is concerned with planning for the utilization and conservation of the national resources, an indispensable part of the equipment of the Chief Executive.

     On previous occasions I have recommended and I hereby renew and emphasize my recommendation that the work of this Board be placed upon a permanent statutory basis. Because of an exemption in the act, it is impossible to transfer to the Executive Office the administration of the third managerial function of the Government, that of personnel.  However, I desire to inform the Congress that it is my purpose to name one of the administrative assistants to the President, authorized in the Reorganization Act of 1939, to serve as a liaison agent of the White House on personnel management.

  In this manner, the President will be given for the first time direct access to the three principal necessary management agencies of the Government. None of the three belongs in any existing department.  With their assistance, and with this reorganization, it will be possible for the President to continue the task of making investigations of the organization of the Government in order to control expenditures, increase efficiency, and eliminate  overlapping.

                      PART 2. FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY

      Studies heretofore made by me and researches made at my direction, as well as recommendations submitted by me to the Congress, and especially those contained in my message of January 12, 1937, indicate clearly that to carry out the purposes of the Reorganization Act of 1939 to group, coordinate, and consolidate agencies of the Government according to major purposes and to reduce the number of agencies by consolidating those having similar functions under a single head, would require the provision of 3 general agencies in addition to the 10 executive departments. It is my objective, then, by transfer, consolidation, and abolition to set up a Federal Security Agency, a Federal Works   Agency, and a Federal Loan Agency, and then to distribute among the 10 executive departments and these 3 new agencies, the major independent establishments in the Government (excepting those exempt from the operations of the act) in order to minimize overlapping and duplication, to increase efficiency and to reduce expenditures to the fullest extent consistent with the efficient operation of the Government.

      I find it necessary and desirable to group in a Federal Security Agency those agencies of the Government, the major purposes of which are to promote social and economic security, educational  opportunity, and the health of the citizens of the Nation.   The agencies to be grouped are the Social Security Board, now an independent establishment, the United States Employment Service, now in the Department of Labor, the Office of Education, now in the Department of the Interior, the Public Health Service, now in the Treasury Department, the National Youth Administration, now in the Works Progress Administration, and the Civilian Conservation Corps, now an independent agency.

            The Social Security Board is placed under the Federal Security Agency, and at the same time the United States Employment Service is transferred from the Department of Labor and consolidated with the unemployment compensation functions of the Social Security  Board in order that their similar and related functions of social and economic security may be placed under a single head and their internal operations simplified and integrated. The unemployment compensation functions of the Social Security Board and the employment service of the Department of Labor are concerned with the same problem, that of the employment, or the  unemployment, of the individual worker. Therefore, they deal necessarily with the same individual.  These  particular services to the particular individual also are bound up with the public‑assistance activities of the Social Security Board.

    Not only will these similar functions be more efficiently and economically administered at the Federal level by such grouping and consolidation, but this transfer and merger also will be to the advantage of the administration of State social security programs and result in considerable saving of money in the administrative costs of the governments of the 48 States as well as those of the United States. In addition to this saving of money there will be a considerable saving of time and energy not only on the part of administrative officials concerned with this program in both Federal and State Governments, but also on the part of employers and workers, permitting through the simplification of procedures a reduction in the number of reports required and the elimination of unnecessary duplication in contacts with workers and with employers.

      Because of the relationship of the educational opportunities of the country to the security of its individual citizens, the Office of Education with all of its functions, including, of course, its  administration of Federal‑State programs of vocational education, is transferred from the Department of the Interior to the Federal Security Agency. This transfer does not increase or extend the  activities of the Federal Government in respect to education, but  does move the existing activities into a grouping where the work may be carried on more efficiently and expeditiously, and where coordination and the elimination of overlapping may be better accomplished.  The Office of Education has no relationship to the other functions of the Department of the Interior.

      The Public Health Service is transferred from the Treasury Department to the Federal Security Agency. It is obvious that the health activities of the Federal Government may be better carried out when so grouped than if they are left in the Treasury, which is primarily a fiscal agency, and where the necessary relationships with other social security, employment, and educational activities now must be carried on by an elaborate scheme of interdepartmental

committee work.

      The National Youth Administration is transferred from the Works Progress Administration to the Federal Security Agency since its major purpose is to extend the educational opportunities of the youth of the country and to bring them through the processes of training into the possession of skills which enable them to find employment.  Other divisions of the Federal Security Agency will have the task of finding jobs, providing for unemployment  compensation, and other phases of social security, while still other units of the new agency will be concerned with the problem of primary and secondary education, as well as vocational education and job training and retraining for employment.  While much of the work of the National Youth Administration has been carried on through work projects, these have been merely the process through which its major purpose was accomplished, and, therefore, this agency under the terms of the act should be grouped with the other security agencies rather than with the work agencies.

      For similar reasons the Civilian Conservation Corps, now an  independent establishment, is placed under the Federal Security Agency because of the fact that its major purpose is to promote the welfare and further the training of the individuals who make up the corps, important as may be the construction work which they have carried on so successfully.  The Civilian Conservation Corps is a small coordinating agency which supervises work carried on with the cooperation of several regular departments and independent units of the Government. This transfer would not interfere with the plan of work heretofore carried on but it would enable the Civilian Conservation Corps to coordinate its policies, as well as its  operations, with those other agencies of the Government concerned with the educational and health activities and with human security.

             PART 3. FEDERAL WORKS AGENCY

      In order to carry out the purpose of the Reorganization Act of 1939 I find it necessary and desirable to group and consolidate under a Federal Works Agency those agencies of the Federal Government dealing with public works not incidental to the normal work of other departments, and which administer Federal grants or loans to State and local governments or other agencies for the purposes of construction.

      The agencies so to be grouped are: The Bureau of Public Roads,  now in the Department of Agriculture; the Public Buildings Branch of the Procurement Division, now in the Treasury Department; and  the Branch of Building Management of the National Park Service (so far as it is concerned with public buildings which it operates for other departments or agencies) now in the Department of the Interior; the United States Housing Authority, now in the  Department of the Interior; the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works (familiarly known as P. W. A.); and the Works Progress Administration (familiarly known as W. P. A.) except the functions  of the National Youth Administration.

      The transfer of both the Public Works Administration and the Works Progress Administration to the new Federal Works Agency would provide for both principal types of public works that have been carried on by the Federal Government directly or in cooperation with the State and local governments.  I find that it will be possible to reduce administrative costs as well as to improve efficiency and to eliminate overlapping by bringing these different

programs of public works under a common head.  But, because of the differences that justified their separate operation in the past and differences that will continue in the future to distinguish certain phases of major public works from work relief, I find it necessary to maintain them at least for the present as separate subordinate units of the Federal Works Agency.

      The present Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works is placed under the Federal Works Agency under the shorter name of Public Works Administration. The name of the Works Progress Administration has been changed to Works Projects Administration in order to make its title more descriptive of its major purpose.

      The Bureau of Public Roads is transferred from the Department of Agriculture to the Federal Works Agency and as a separate unit under the name of Public Roads Administration. This will bring the administration of the Federal roads program with its grants‑in‑aid to the States into coordination with other major public‑works programs and other programs of grants and loans to the States. The construction and operation of many public buildings is now  carried on in two agencies which are consolidated under the new Federal Works Agency, namely the Public Buildings Branch of the Procurement Division of the Treasury Department (which is concerned with the construction of Federal buildings and with the operation of many public buildings outside the District of Columbia) and the Branch of Building Management of the National Park Service, of the Department of the Interior, which is concerned with the operation of public buildings in the District of Columbia. These two separate activities are consolidated in one unit to be known as the Public Buildings Administration. Improved efficiency, coordination of effort, and savings will result from this transfer and consolidation.

      Then, also, there is transferred from the Department of the Interior to the Federal Works Agency the United States Housing Authority. The major purpose of the United States Housing Authority  is to administer grants‑in‑aid and loans to local public housing authorities in accordance with its established standards of construction in that part of the housing field which cannot be reached economically by private enterprise.  For these reasons, it should be grouped with those other agencies which have to do with  public works, with grants and loans to State and local governments  and with construction practices and standards.

      PART 4. FEDERAL LOAN AGENCY AND TRANSFERS OF INDEPENDENT LENDING AGENCIES

      In order to carry out the purposes of the Reorganization Act of 1939 I find it necessary and desirable to group under a Federal Loan Agency those independent lending agencies of the Government which have been established from time to time for the purpose of  stimulating and stabilizing the financial, commercial, and industrial enterprises of the Nation.

      The agencies to be grouped in the Federal Loan Agency are: The Reconstruction Finance Corporation, the Electric Home and Farm Authority, the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, the Federal Housing Administration, and their associated agencies and boards, as well  as the Export‑Import Bank of Washington.

      Since 1916 the Congress has established from time to time agencies for providing loans, directly or indirectly, for the  stimulation and stabilization of agriculture, and such agencies  should in my opinion be grouped with the other agricultural activities of the Government. For that reason I find it necessary and desirable to accomplish the purposes of the act to transfer the Farm Credit Administration, the Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation, and the Commodity Credit Corporation and associated agencies to the Department of Agriculture.

                           ECONOMY AND EFFICIENCY

      One of the five purposes of the Reorganization Act of 1939 is 'to reduce expenditures to the fullest extent consistent with the efficient operation of the Government.' This purpose is important in each phase of the plan here presented.  The Reorganization Act prohibits abolishing functions ‑ in other words basic services or activities performed.  Therefore the reduction in expenditures to be effected must necessarily be brought about chiefly in the overhead administrative expenses of the agencies set up to perform certain functions.  The chance for economy arises therefore not from stopping work, but from organizing the work and the overhead more efficiently in combination with other similar activities.

    Only the Congress can abolish or curtail functions now provided by  law. The overhead administrative costs of all the agencies affected in Reorganization Plan No. I is about $235,000,000. This does not include the loans they make, the benefits they pay, the wages of  the unemployed who have been given jobs; it does not include the loans and grants to States or, in short, the functional expense.

    It does include the overhead expense of operating and administering all these agencies. The reduction of administrative expenditures which it is probable will be brought about by the taking effect of the reorganizations  specified in the plan is estimated as nearly as may be at between  $15,000,000 and $20,000,000 annually, a substantial lowering of the  existing overhead.  Certain of these economies can be brought about almost immediately, others will require a painstaking and gradual readjustment in the machinery and business practices of the  Government.

      Any such estimate is incomplete, however, without reference to the corresponding savings which will follow in the States and cities through the recommended consolidation of the Federal services with which they cooperate, and the improved efficiency and convenience which will be felt by citizens all over the Nation ‑ many of whom will be able to find in a single office many of the services now scattered in several places.  These economies will  undoubtedly exceed the direct savings in the Federal Budget.

      It will not be necessary to ask the Congress for any additional appropriations for the administrative expenses of the three consolidated agencies set up in this plan, since their costs will be met from funds now available for the administrative expenses of their component units.  Actually new expenses will be only a fractional part of the expected savings.

      Neither on this Reorganization Plan No. I nor on future reorganization plans, covering interdepartmental changes and intradepartmental changes, will every person agree on each and every detail.  It is true that out of the many groupings and regroupings proposed in this message a few of the individual agencies could conceivably be placed elsewhere. Nevertheless, I have been seeking to consider the functional origin and purpose of each agency as required by the reorganization bill itself.

      If in the future experience shows that one or two of them should be regrouped, it will be wholly possible for the President and the Congress to make the change. The plan presented herewith represents 2 years of study.  It is a  simple and easily understood plan.  It conforms to methods of  executive administration used by large private enterprises which  are engaged in many lines of production.  Finally, it will save a  sum of money large in comparison with the existing overhead of the agencies involved.

      I trust, therefore, that the Congress will view the plan as a whole and make it possible to take the first step in improving the  executive administration of the Government of the United States.

                                                  Franklin D. Roosevelt.

The White House, April 25, 1939.

REORGINAZITION PLAN No. II. of  1939

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     5 USC APPENDIX ‑ REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. II OF 1939

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    TITLE 5

    APPENDIX

    REORGANIZATION PLANS

    REORGANIZATION PLAN NO

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    REORGANIZATION PLAN NO. II OF 1939

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    EFF. JULY 1, 1939, 4 F.R. 2731, 53 STAT. 1431, BY ACT JUNE 7, 1939,

    CH. 193, 53 STAT. 813, AS AMENDED AUG. 13, 1946, CH. 957, TITLE XI,

      SEC. 1131(65), 60 STAT. 1040; AUG. 12, 1963, PUB. L. 88‑94, SEC.

     2(F), 77 STAT. 122; SEPT. 13, 1982, PUB. L. 97‑258, SEC. 5(B), 96

                              STAT. 1068, 1085

    Prepared by the President and transmitted to the Senate and the

      House of Representatives in Congress assembled, May 9, 1939,

      pursuant to the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1939,

      approved April 3, 1939.

                            PART 1. DEPARTMENTS

                        SECTION 1. STATE DEPARTMENT

      Transfers and consolidations relating to the Department of State

    are hereby effected as follows:

      (a)‑(c). (Repealed. August 13, 1946, ch. 957, title XI, Sec.

    1131(65), 60 Stat. 1040. The act, Aug. 13, 1946 was repealed by

    Pub. L. 96‑465, title II, Sec. 2205(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat.

    2159. Subsecs. provided that Foreign Commerce Service and Foreign

    Agricultural Service were transferred to Department of State and

    consolidated with and administered as part of Foreign Service under

    Secretary of State, and that functions of Secretary of Commerce and

    Secretary of Agriculture with respect thereto were transferred,

    with certain exceptions to Secretary of State.)

                       (D) CHINA TRADE ACT REGISTRAR

      Such officer of the Foreign Service as the Secretary of State

    shall make available for that purpose may be authorized by the

    Secretary of Commerce to perform the duties of China Trade Act

    Registrar provided for in the act of September 19, 1922, (42 Stat.

    849) (15 U.S.C. 143), under the direction of the Secretary of

    Commerce.

      (e) (Repealed. Pub. L. 88‑94, Sec. 2(f), Aug. 12, 1963, 77 Stat.

    122. Subsection transferred the Foreign Service Buildings

    Commission and its functions to the Department of State. See 22

    U.S.C. 295(d).)

                        SEC. 2. TREASURY DEPARTMENT

      (Repealed. Pub. L. 97‑258, Sec. 5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat.

    1068, 1085. Section made following transfers, consolidations, and

    abolitions relating to the Treasury Department: (a) The Bureau of

    Lighthouses in the Department of Commerce and its functions were

    transferred to and consolidated with, and to be administered as a

    part of, the Coast Guard in the Treasury Department; (b) The office

    of Director General of Railroads was abolished and the functions

    and duties were transferred to the Secretary of the Treasury; (c)

    The War Finance Corporation was abolished, the remaining functions,

    property, and obligations were transferred to the Treasury

    Department, and the Secretary was directed to wind up its affairs

    and dispose of its assets.)

                       SEC. 3. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

      Transfers, consolidations, and abolitions relating to the

    Department of Justice are hereby effected as follows:

                    (A) FEDERAL PRISON INDUSTRIES, INC.

      The Federal Prison Industries, Inc. (together with its Board of

    Directors), and its functions are hereby transferred to the

    Department of Justice and shall be administered under the general

    direction and supervision of the Attorney General.

                   (B) NATIONAL TRAINING SCHOOL FOR BOYS

      The National Training School for Boys and its functions

    (including the functions of its Board of Trustees) are hereby

    transferred to the Department of Justice and shall be administered

    by the Director of the Bureau of Prisons, under the direction and

    supervision of the Attorney General.

       (C) BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE NATIONAL TRAINING SCHOOL FOR BOYS

                                 ABOLISHED

      The Board of Trustees of the National Training School for Boys

    (including the consulting trustees) is hereby abolished.

                     SEC. 4. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

      Transfers, consolidations, and abolitions relating to the

    Department of the Interior are hereby effected as follows:

          (A) FUNCTIONS OF THE NATIONAL BITUMINOUS COAL COMMISSION

                                TRANSFERRED

      The functions of the National Bituminous Coal Commission

    (including the functions of the members of the Commission) are

    hereby transferred to the Secretary of the Interior to be

    administered under his direction and supervision by such division,

    bureau, or office in the Department of the Interior as the

    Secretary shall determine.

             (B) NATIONAL BITUMINOUS COAL COMMISSION ABOLISHED

      The National Bituminous Coal Commission and the offices of the

    members thereof are hereby abolished and the outstanding affairs of

    the Commission shall be wound up by the Secretary of the Interior.

          (C) OFFICE OF CONSUMERS' COUNSEL ABOLISHED AND FUNCTIONS

                                TRANSFERRED

      The office of Consumers' Counsel of the National Bituminous Coal

    Commission is hereby abolished and its functions are transferred

    to, and shall be administered in, the office of the Solicitor of

    the Department of the Interior under the direction and supervision

    of the Secretary of the Interior.

      (Functions, records, property, and personnel of Consumer's

    Counsel of the National Bituminous Coal Commission, which were

    transferred by this Plan to office of Solicitor of Department of

    Interior, were retransferred to Office of Bituminous Coal Consumer

    Counsel by 15 U.S.C. 852. Such Office terminated Aug. 24, 1943.)

                       (D) BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS

      The Bureau of Insular Affairs of the War Department and its

    functions are hereby transferred to the Department of the Interior

    and shall be consolidated with the Division of Territories and

    Island Possessions in the Department of the Interior and

    administered in such Division under the direction and supervision

    of the Secretary of the Interior. The office of the Chief of the

    Bureau and offices subordinate thereto provided for in section 14

    of the act of June 4, 1920 (41 Stat. 769) (48 U.S.C. 2, 3), are

    hereby abolished and all of the functions of such offices are

    transferred to, and shall be exercised by, the Director of the

    Division of Territories and Island Possessions.

                          (E) BUREAU OF FISHERIES

      The Bureau of Fisheries in the Department of Commerce and its

    functions are hereby transferred to the Department of the Interior

    and shall be administered in that Department under the direction

    and supervision of the Secretary of the Interior. The functions of

    the Secretary of Commerce relating to the protection of fur seals

    and other fur‑bearing animals, to the supervision of the Pribilof

    Islands and the care of the natives thereof, and to the Whaling

    Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 901‑915), are hereby transferred to, and

    shall be exercised by, the Secretary of the Interior.

                      (F) BUREAU OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY

      The Bureau of Biological Survey in the Department of Agriculture

    and its functions are hereby transferred to the Department of the

    Interior and shall be administered in that Department under the

    direction and supervision of the Secretary of the Interior. The

    functions of the Secretary of Agriculture relating to the

    conservation of wildlife, game, and migratory birds are hereby

    transferred to, and shall be exercised by, the Secretary of the

    Interior. The provisions of the act of May 18, 1934, (c. 299, 48

    Stat. 780), as amended by the act of February 8, 1936 (c. 40, 49

    Stat. 1105 (see 18 U.S.C. 111, 1114, 2231), insofar as they relate

    to officers or employees of the Department of Agriculture

    designated by the Secretary of Agriculture to enforce any act of

    Congress for the protection, preservation, or restoration of game

    and other wildlife and animals shall apply to officers and

    employees of the Department of the Interior designated by the

    Secretary of the Interior to exercise and discharge such duties.

           (G) OFFICERS OF BIOLOGICAL SURVEY MAY ADMINISTER OATHS

      The provisions of the act of January 31, 1925 (c. 124, 43 Stat.

    803), (former 5 U.S.C. 17, 7 U.S.C. 2217, 2218), shall be

    applicable to such officers, agents, or employees of the Department

    of the Interior performing functions of the Bureau of Biological

    Survey as are designated by the Secretary of the Interior for the

    purposes named in the act.

                 (H) MIGRATORY BIRD CONSERVATION COMMISSION

      The Secretary of the Interior shall be chairman of the Migratory

    Bird Conservation Commission, and the Secretary of Agriculture

    shall be a member thereof.

              (I) MOUNT RUSHMORE NATIONAL MEMORIAL COMMISSION

      The Mount Rushmore National Memorial Commission and its functions

    are hereby transferred to the National Park Service in the

    Department of the Interior. The functions vested in the Commission

    by sections 3 and 4(a) of the act of June 15, 1938 (c. 402, 52

    Stat. 694) shall continue to be exercised by the Commission. All

    other functions of the Mount Rushmore National Memorial Commission

    shall be administered by the National Park Service under the

    direction and supervision of the Secretary of the Interior.

          SEC. 5. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE: RURAL ELECTRIFICATION

                         ADMINISTRATION TRANSFERRED

      The Rural Electrification Administration and its functions and

    activities are hereby transferred to the Department of Agriculture

    and shall be administered in that Department by the Administrator

    of the Rural Electrification Administration under the general

    direction and supervision of the Secretary of Agriculture.

        SEC. 6. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE: TRANSFER OF INLAND WATERWAYS

                                CORPORATION

      The Inland Waterways Corporation and all of its functions and

    obligations are hereby transferred to the Department of Commerce

    and shall be administered in that Department under the supervision

    and direction of the Secretary of Commerce. The capital stock of

    the Corporation shall continue to be held for the United States by

    the Secretary of the Treasury, but all other functions, rights,

    privileges, and powers and all duties and liabilities of the

    Secretary of War relating to the Inland Waterways Corporation are

    hereby transferred to, and shall be exercised, performed, and

    discharged by, the Secretary of Commerce. The Secretary of Commerce

    shall be substituted for the Secretary of War, as and shall be

    deemed to be, the incorporator of the Inland Waterways Corporation.

      (Pub. L. 88‑67, Sec. 2, July 19, 1963, 77 Stat. 81, provided for

    liquidation of the affairs of the Inland Waterways Corporation.)

                        PART 2. INDEPENDENT AGENCIES

                     SEC. 201. FEDERAL SECURITY AGENCY

      Transfers and consolidations relating to the Federal Security

    Agency are hereby effected as follows:

        (A) RADIO SERVICE AND UNITED STATES FILM SERVICE TRANSFERRED

      The functions of the Radio Division and the United States Film

    Service of the National Emergency Council are hereby transferred to

    the Federal Security Agency and shall be administered in the Office

    of Education under the direction and supervision of the Federal

    Security Administrator. (Functions of Radio Division were

    authorized to be carried out until June 30, 1940, by Emergency

    Relief Appropriation Act of 1939, Sec. 8.)

                 (B) AMERICAN PRINTING HOUSE FOR THE BLIND

      The functions of the Secretary of the Treasury with respect to

    the administration of the appropriations for the American Printing

    House for the Blind (except the function relating to the perpetual

    trust fund) are hereby transferred to the Federal Security Agency

    and shall be administered under the direction and supervision of

    the Federal Security Administrator. The annual report and vouchers

    required to be furnished to the Secretary of the Treasury by the

    trustees of the American Printing House for the Blind shall be

    furnished to the Federal Security Administrator.

                        SEC. 202. NATIONAL ARCHIVES

      Transfers, consolidations, and abolitions relating to the

    National Archives are hereby effected as follows:

              (A) FUNCTIONS OF CODIFICATION BOARD TRANSFERRED

      The functions of the Codification Board, established by the Act

    of June 19, 1937 (50 Stat. 304) (44 U.S.C. 1510), are hereby

    transferred to the National Archives and shall be consolidated in

    that agency with the functions of the Division of the Federal

    Register and shall be administered by such Division under the

    direction and supervision of the Archivist.

                      (B) CODIFICATION BOARD ABOLISHED

      The Codification Board is hereby abolished and its outstanding

    affairs shall be wound up by the Archivist through the Division of

    the Federal Register in the National Archives.

                 PART 3. EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT

      Sec. 301. Transfers and abolitions relating to the Executive

    Office of the President are hereby effected as follows:

          (A) FUNCTIONS OF NATIONAL EMERGENCY COUNCIL TRANSFERRED

      All functions of the National Emergency Council other than those

    relating to Radio Service and Film Service (transferred by Section

    201(a) of this plan to the Federal Security Agency) are hereby

    transferred to the Executive Office of the President and shall be

    administered under the direction and supervision of the President.

    (Functions of National Emergency Council transferred to Executive

    Office of President were authorized to be carried out until June

    30, 1940, by Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1939, Sec. 8.)

                  (B) NATIONAL EMERGENCY COUNCIL ABOLISHED

      The National Emergency Council is hereby abolished and its

    outstanding affairs shall be wound up under the direction and

    supervision of the President.

                         PART 4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

          SEC. 401. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS OF HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS

      Except as otherwise provided in this plan, the functions of the

    head of any Department relating to the administration of any agency

    or function transferred from his Department by this plan, are

    hereby transferred to, and shall be exercised by, the head of the

    department or agency to which such transferred agency or function

    is transferred by this plan.

           SEC. 402. TRANSFER OF RECORDS, PROPERTY, AND PERSONNEL

      All records and property (including office equipment) of the

    several agencies, and all records and property used primarily in

    the administration of any functions, transferred by this plan and,

    except as otherwise provided, all the personnel used in the

    administration of such agencies and functions (including officers

    whose chief duties relate to such administration) are hereby

    transferred to the respective departments or agencies concerned,

    for use in the administration of the agencies and functions

    transferred by this plan: Provided, That any personnel transferred

    to any department or agency by this section found by the head of

    such department or agency to be in excess of the personnel

    necessary for the administration of the functions transferred to

    his department or agency shall be retransferred under existing law

    to other positions in the Government service, or separated from the

    service subject to the provisions of section 10(a) of the

    Reorganization Act of 1939.

                        SEC. 403. TRANSFER OF FUNDS

      So much of the unexpended balances of appropriations,

    allocations, or other funds available for the use of any agency in

    the exercise of any function transferred by this plan, or for the

    use of the head of any department or agency in the exercise of any

    function so transferred, as the Director of the Bureau of the

    Budget with the approval of the President shall determine, shall be

    transferred to the department or agency concerned for use in

    connection with the exercise of the function so transferred.  In

    determining the amount to be transferred the Director of the Bureau

    of the Budget may include an amount to provide for the liquidation

    of obligations incurred against such appropriations, allocations,

    or other funds prior to the transfer: Provided, That the use of the

    unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, or other funds

    transferred by this section shall be subject to the provisions of

    section 4(d)(3) and section 9 of the Reorganization Act of 1939.

           SEC. 404. TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS RELATING TO PERSONNEL

      Except as prohibited by the Reorganization Act of 1939, all

    functions relating to the appointment, fixing of compensation,

    transfer, promotion, demotion, suspension, or dismissal of persons

    to or from offices and positions in any department vested by law in

    any officer of such department other than the head thereof are

    hereby transferred to the head of such department and shall be

    administered under his direction and supervision by such division,

    bureau, office, or persons as he shall determine.

                          MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT

    To the Congress of the United States:

      Pursuant to the provisions of the Reorganization Act of 1939

    (Public, No. 19, 76th Cong., 1st Sess.) approved April 3, 1939, I

    herewith transmit Reorganization Plan No. II, which, after

    investigation, I have prepared in accordance with the provisions of

    section 4 of the act; and I declare that with respect to each

    transfer, consolidation, or abolition made in Reorganization Plan

    No. II, I have found that such transfer, consolidation, or

    abolition is necessary to accomplish one or more of the purposes of

    section 1 (a) of the act.

      In my message to the Congress on April 25, 1939, transmitting

    Reorganization Plan No. I, I took occasion to say that, it being

    obviously impracticable to complete the task of reorganization at

    one time, I had decided, in view of the declaration of the Congress

   that it should be accomplished immediately and speedily, to

    undertake it in several steps.

      Plan No. I, had to do with overall management.  Plan No. II,

    transmitted herewith, is designed to improve the work of the

    executive branch for which, although carried on through executive

    departments and agencies, the responsibility to the people is

    through the President. It is concerned with the sole purpose of

    improving the administrative management of the executive branch by

    a more logical grouping of existing units and functions and by a

    further reduction in the number of independent agencies.

      I am transmitting Reorganization Plan No. II as the result of

    studies that have been made for me and of my own experience over a

    period of several years, as the best way in which to regroup the

    agencies affected so as to fulfill the purposes of the act:

      1. To reduce expenditures;

      2. To increase efficiency;

      3. To consolidate agencies according to major purposes;

      4. To reduce the number of agencies by consolidating those having

    similar functions and by abolishing such as may not be necessary;

    and

      5. To eliminate overlapping and duplication of effort.

      The plan I now transmit I shall describe briefly as follows:

      I proposed to transfer the Foreign Commerce Service of the United

    States and its functions now in the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic

    Commerce of the Department of Commerce and the Foreign Agricultural

    Service of the United States and its functions in the Department of

    Agriculture to the Department of State, and to consolidate them

    with the Foreign Service of the United States under the direction

    and supervision of the Secretary of State.

      By this transfer and consolidation, there will be a single

    Foreign Service in the Department of State, but this does not mean

    that the interests of the commercial and agricultural communities

    are to be neglected, for it is a part of the Plan that

    representatives of the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary

    of Commerce shall be placed on the Board of Foreign Service

    Personnel and that specific investigations relating to commerce and

    agriculture shall be initiated directly by the Secretaries of these

    two Departments who will receive directly the results of

    investigations in their own fields.

      A much greater degree of coordination and effectiveness in our

    foreign establishments can be achieved under the plan than has ever

    before been possible.  The needs of the different Departments and

    Agencies of the Government will be met more efficiently and the

    responsiveness of the foreign establishments to these needs will be

    greatly improved.

      The plan presupposes that it may be necessary from time to time

    for various Departments and Agencies of the Government to send

    abroad specialists and technicians for relatively temporary duty.

    While these will not be in the Foreign Service, strictly speaking,

    they will be given a suitable commission by the Department of

    State, on a temporary basis, so that they may have the same

    obligations as other officers of the Foreign Service while on duty

    abroad.

      The plan also presupposes a special training period within the

    Department of Commerce and the Department of Agriculture for

    Foreign Service officers selected to specialize in commercial or

    agricultural work and contemplates the fullest utilization of the

    experience gained abroad by Foreign Service officers in the work of

    the Departments of Commerce and Agriculture in this country.  There

    will be stationed in the Department of State a liaison officer of

    the Department of Commerce and of the Department of Agriculture to

    make effective the proposed cooperation.

      The plan specifically leaves undisturbed the relationships of the

    Department of Commerce and of the Department of Agriculture with

    the commercial and agricultural communities.  What it does do is to

    consolidate the foreign services into one Foreign Service in the

    Department of State, where it ought to be, with the resulting

    advantages of economy, efficiency, better functional grouping,

    elimination of overlapping and duplication of effort, and greater

    service to our commercial and agricultural interests.

      There is also transferred to the Department of State the Foreign

    Service Buildings Commission and its functions.  This Commission is

    advisory to the administrative work of the Department of State and

    should no longer have the status of an independent establishment.

      The Bureau of Lighthouses now in the Department of Commerce is

    transferred to the Treasury Department and consolidated with the

    Coast Guard in that Department. The advantages of this

    consolidation are obvious and fall clearly within the provision of

    the act requiring me to consolidate agencies according to major

    purposes.  This will save money on equipment and administration and

    will permit the better use of personnel.

      The plan also includes the abolition of the Office of the

    Director General of Railroads and of the War Finance Corporation

    and the transfer of their functions to the Secretary of the

    Treasury to be wound up by him as rapidly as may be.  In the case

    of the War Finance Corporation, it is directed that the final

    dissolution shall be accomplished not later than December 31, 1939.

      I further propose to transfer to the Department of Justice the

    Federal Prison Industries, Inc., and the National Training School

    for Boys, and at the same time to abolish the board of trustees of

    the National Training School for Boys. Responsibility for the

    Federal penal and correctional institutions is in the Department of

    Justice and these two independent establishments should be

    consolidated therein.  None of the other Federal penal or

    correctional institutions has a board of trustees and there is no

    need of further continuing the board of the National Training

    School.

      The plan also provides for the abolition of the Codification

    Board established for the purpose of codifying existing

    administrative law and the transfer of its functions to the

    Division of the Federal Register in the National Archives. The work

    of this board has now progressed to the point where a separate

    board is no longer necessary and the future work of keeping the

    codification up to date can more efficiently and economically be

    carried on by the editorial staff of the Federal Register.

      I find it necessary and desirable in order to accomplish the

    purposes of the Reorganization Act to abolish the National

    Bituminous Coal Commission and to transfer its functions to the

    Secretary of the Interior. Thus the task of conserving the

    bituminous‑coal resources of the country may be carried on directly

    by the head of the Department principally responsible for the

    conservation of fuel and other mineral supplies.  The Congress

    placed this Commission in the Department of the Interior, but

    experience has shown that direct administration will be cheaper,

    better, and more effective than through the cumbersome medium of an

    unnecessary commission.

      The transfer to the Department of the Interior of the Bureau of

    Insular Affairs in the War Department and its consolidation with

    the Division of Territories and Island Possessions in Interior is a

    functional transfer of obvious desirability.  Under the provisions

    of existing law, however, I shall direct, where necessary, that

    certain correspondence from the Governor General of the Philippines

    shall be transmitted to the President through the Department of

    State.

      The plan provides for the transfer to the Department of the

    Interior of the Bureau of Fisheries from the Department of Commerce

    and of the Bureau of Biological Survey from the Department of

    Agriculture. These two Bureaus have to do with conservation and

    utilization of the wildlife resources of the country, terrestrial

    and aquatic.  Therefore, they should be grouped under the same

    departmental administration, and in that Department which, more

    than any other, is directly responsible for the administration and

    conservation of the public domain.  However, I intend to direct

    that the facilities of the Department of Agriculture shall continue

    to be used for research studies which have to do with the

    protection of domestic animals from diseases of wildlife; and also

    where most economical for the protection to farmers and stockmen

    against predatory animals.

      The plan also provides for the transfer of the Mount Rushmore

    National Memorial Commission to the National Park Service in the

    Department of the Interior in order that this great memorial may be

    administered as a part of the similar work of the Park Service.

      Included in the plan is a provision to transfer to the Department

    of Agriculture the Rural Electrification Administration, now

    operated as an independent establishment.  The work of this

    administration in its educational as well as its lending functions

    is clearly a part of the rural life activities of the country and

    should, therefore, be administered in coordination with the other

    agricultural activities of the Government.

      The Inland Waterways Corporation is transferred to the Department

    of Commerce from the War Department. This corporation, which

    operates inland waterways transportation facilities, should be

    coordinated with the administration of other aids to commerce and

    industry.

      I propose to transfer to the Federal Security Agency, for

    administration in the Office of Education, the film and radio

    functions of the National Emergency Council. These are clearly a

    part of the educational activities of the Government and should be

    consolidated with similar activities already carried on in the

    Office of Education. Similarly, Government participation in the

    work of the American Printing House for the Blind, except fiscal

    functions relating to trust funds, is transferred from the

    Secretary of the Treasury to the Federal Security Agency, in order

    that this work may be coordinated with the other work for the blind

    now being carried on in the Social Security Board.

      The plan provides for the abolition of the National Emergency

    Council and the transfer to the Executive Office of the President

    of all its functions with the exception of the film and radio

    activities which go to the Office of Education. Subject to

    appropriations by the Congress, these activities transferred to the

    White House would be administered in the manner best designed to

    give the President the information he requires from all parts of

    the country.

      The National Emergency Council was established by Executive order

    in 1933 and is composed of the President, the Vice President, the

    Members of the Cabinet, and the heads of some 23 independent

    establishments.  Its usefulness as an actual council, which met

    weekly under my chairmanship, was very great in the period of the

    emergency which then confronted the country, but, as time has gone

    on, it no longer operates as a council but does continue to carry

    on important activities which are indispensable to the President of

    the United States, as well as to other branches of the Government,

    and the public.  It maintains an information service and a press

    intelligence service, it publishes the United States Government

    Manual, and it carries on through State and central staffs an

    important work of coordinating and reporting.

      The information service makes available general information

    concerning all phases of governmental activity and is provided for

    all who submit questions or inquiries by mail, by telephone, or by

    personal call.  In one sense it may be called a post‑office address

    ‑ 'Uncle Sam, Post Office Box No. 1, Washington, D.C.' ‑ to which

    persons who want information about the Government but do not know

    the exact division or agency of the Government to which to apply,

    may write with confidence that their questions will be answered or

    else sent on to the proper agency for direct reply.

      The press intelligence service carried on in the Council is not a

    service for giving intelligence to the press, but rather for making

    available to responsible persons in the Government, both in the

    executive and in the legislative branches, a clipping service,

    which shows what the press of the country has printed.  The partial

    consolidation of clipping services in this unit ‑ a consolidation

    which should go further ‑ already has resulted in economy and

    convenience.  A clipping service of this kind, on a smaller scale,

    was maintained for many years in the White House but it was not

    then available to other branches of the Government. Its return to

    the White House with the additional feature of availability to all

    the rest of the Government will promote efficiency without

    violating tradition.

      The publication of the United States Government Manual makes

    available to every citizen a simplified textbook of information as

    to the organization and availability of the Federal agencies.

    Published in loose‑leaf form, it is sold by the Superintendent of

    Documents of the Government Printing Office.

      The coordinating and reporting functions of the Council have to

    do with the presentation to the President of factual information,

    independently gathered, as to the progress and effect of our

    governmental activities.  Through its State offices the Council has

    been able to facilitate the various Federal programs particularly

    with respect to State and local governments.

      The plan also includes certain general provisions in order to

    accomplish fully the purposes of the act.  In addition to the

    transfer of bureaus and other units, it is necessary also to

    transfer certain functions of heads of departments; to transfer

    records, property, and personnel; to transfer funds; and to provide

    that the power of appointment occasionally, and sometimes

    apparently quite accidentally, vested in a subordinate official of

    a department, shall be vested in the head of the department.  It is

    impossible to exercise the proper direction and supervision over

    subordinate units unless the definite power of appointment, fixing

    of compensation, transfer, and promotion or dismissal of personnel

    is vested in the principal responsible head.  In no other way can

    the purpose of consolidating similar functions under a single head

    as required by the act be accomplished in practice.

      It is one of the five purposes of the Reorganization Act 'to

    reduce expenditures to the fullest extent consistent with the

    efficient operation of the Government.' This is an important

    purpose in each phase of the plan here presented.  The

    Reorganization Act prohibits abolishing functions ‑ in other words,

    basic services or activities performed.  Therefore, the reduction

    in expenditures must necessarily be brought about chiefly in the

    overhead administrative expenses of the agencies affected.  In a

    great many cases the economies to be effected by Reorganization

    Plan No. II will be the result of improved efficiency which will,

    as the plan works out, require fewer persons to perform the work or

    will require the employment of less temporary assistance.

      In the case of the consolidation of the foreign services it is

    estimated that the administration by a single administrative unit

    in the Department of State will achieve a saving of $20,000 a year

    and that consolidation of the three field forces will make it

    possible to drop alien employees and, by a more effective use of

    personnel, to save an additional $100,000 a year when the

    readjustments have been made.

      The total administrative expense of all of the agencies affected

    by this plan is about $25,000,000 per annum.

      The reduction of such expenditures, which it is probable will be

    brought about by the taking effect of the reorganizations specified

    in the plan, is estimated at $1,250,000 per annum.  Certain of

    these economies can be brought about at once.  Others will require

    a gradual readjustment in machinery and business practices of the

    agencies affected.

      May I repeat what I said in my message transmitting

    Reorganization Plan No. I, that in this as in future reorganization

    plans not every person will agree on each and every detail.  Out of

    the many groupings and regroupings proposed, a few of the

    individual agencies conceivably could be placed elsewhere, but I

    have been seeking to consider the functional purpose of each agency

    as required by the Reorganization Act itself and have made this

    plan with the sole purpose of improving the service rendered by the

    Government to its citizens in accordance with the purposes set out

    in the act.

      In view of the fact that it is now May 9, and that any

    reorganization plan must lie before the Congress for 60 calendar

    days, and because the reorganization of an intradepartmental

    character requires a great deal of research and careful painstaking

    detailed work, I do not propose to send any further general

    reorganization plans to the Congress at this session.

      However, there are certain transfers, abolitions, and

    consolidations of committees, commissions, and boards which I

    propose to do by means of Executive and military orders under

    existing law as complementary to Reorganization Plan No. II when it

    becomes effective.

      Then, also, by mere administrative procedure, some small agencies

    which have been listed in various publications as independent

    establishments but whose independence has no basis in law or in

    formal Executive or military orders, may be reassigned to an

    appropriate placement by administrative procedure on the part of

    their respective heads.

      Not all of the interdepartmental transfers and consolidations

    that are necessary and desirable have been accomplished in this

    Reorganization Plan No. II. I am directing the Bureau of the Budget

    to study these problems in order that they may be included in plans

    to be transmitted to the Congress at its next session.

      For example, in order to save money and to do the work more

    efficiently there are some units which should be divided so that  a

    part of the work may be done by one agency and a part by another.

    Take, for example, the business of mapping.  It is obviously

    important that the work of making surveys and accumulating data for

    maps should be done in the various agencies which are concerned

    primarily with the purpose for which the map is being drawn.  On

    the other hand, the business of manufacturing maps might very well

    be consolidated in order to save money, and to manufacture better

    maps.

      I have considered the desirability of transferring the

    jurisdiction over deportable aliens from the Immigration and

    Naturalization Service in the Department of Labor to the Department

    of Justice, but I find that this matter will require further study,

    or perhaps legislation, and therefore it is not included in this

    plan.

      I have also considered the problem of certain public lands

    insofar as they present overlapping jurisdiction between the

    Departments of the Interior and Agriculture.

      Insofar as crops, including tree crops, are involved there is

    something to be said for their retention in the Department of

    Agriculture. But where lands are to be kept for the primary purpose

    of recreation and permanent public use and conservation they fall

    more logically into the Department of the Interior.

      I hope to offer a reorganization plan on this early in the next

    session.

      There are other types of work carried on in the Federal

    Government where it may prove necessary and desirable to divide the

    functions now being carried on by a particular unit so as the